Civil Work Study 
Foundation Foundation is the lowest part of the building structure, which is directly in contact with the ground and provide the base for the superstructure and transmits the load to the sub-soil. The structure is not visible in a complete building because the portion of structure is below the ground level. Sub-soil:- The … Read more
Design Detail of Isolated Footing Isolated Footings (Par or spread footings) are commonly used for shallow foundations in order to carry and transfer concentrated loads, caused for example by column or pillar. Isolated footings are consists either of reinforcement or non-reinforcement. Isolated Footing Types of Isolated Footing 1. Pad Footing ( Uniform … Read more
Crack on Concrete Crack is a complete or incomplete separation of concrete into more parts produced by breaking or fracturing. Cracks are one kind of universal problems of concrete construction as it affects the building and it also destroys the wall’s integrity, affected the structure safety and even reduce the durability of structure. Cracks … Read more
What is Compaction? Compaction It is a mechanical process by which air is expelled out from soil mass to reduce the void and densify the soil. It is measured by proctor test. Factor Affecting Compaction 1. Water content 2. Amount of compaction 3. Type of compaction 4. Types of soil 5. Add of admixture (CaSo4 … Read more
What is Steel Reinforcement? Steel Steel reinforcement are steel bars that are provided in combination with plain cement concrete to make it reinforced concrete. Hence these structures form steel reinforced cement concrete structure (R.C.C). Steel reinforcement is commonly called as ‘rebars’. What is the Purpose of Reinforcement ? Steel reinforcement bars or rebars are used … Read more
IMPORTANCE & NEED OF ESTIMATION Types of Estimate on Detail It help to work out the approximate cost of the project in order to decide its feasibility with respect to the cost and to ensure the financial resources, if the proposal is approved. Requirements of controlled materials, such as cement and steel can be estimated … Read more
What are the preliminary works in the construction of a building? There is different work and step of doing work involve before construction work i.e. generally field and paper work is known as preliminary works. Preliminary works refer to all the activities that are involved in a construction site … Read more
Lab Tests on Bitumen for Pavement Construction For pavement construction we can check various laboratory tests on bitumen is done to check the quality and different properties of bitumen, It is black or brown color, it is mixture of hydrocarbons obtained by partial distillation of crude petroleum. It contain 87% carbon, 11% hydrogen and 2% … Read more
DEFINITION AND DIFFERENCE BETWEEN BITUMEN AND TAR BITUMEN AND TAR: Difference between bitumen and tar Origin, preparation, properties and chemical constitution of bituminous road binders; requirements, Bituminous binders used in pavement construction works include both bitumen and tar. Both bitumen and tar have similar appearance, black in colour though they have different characteristics. The … Read more
Bitumen Bitumen Carpeting Bituminous materials or asphalts are much used for roadway construction, at first because of their excellent binding characteristics, water proofing properties and relatively low cost than other binding material. Bituminous materials consists of bitumen which is a black or dark in colour solid or viscous cementations substances consists chiefly high molecular weight … Read more