IMPORTANCE
& NEED OF ESTIMATION
& NEED OF ESTIMATION
 |
| Types of Estimate on Detail |
It help to work out the approximate cost of the project in
order to decide its feasibility
with respect to
the cost and to ensure the financial resources, if the proposal is approved.
Requirements of controlled materials, such as cement and
steel can be estimated for making applications to the controlling authorities.
the cost and to ensure the financial resources, if the proposal is approved.
Requirements of controlled materials, such as cement and
steel can be estimated for making applications to the controlling authorities.
It is used for framing the
tenders for the works and to check contractor’s work during and after the its
execution for the purpose of making payments to the contractor.
tenders for the works and to check contractor’s work during and after the its
execution for the purpose of making payments to the contractor.
From quantities of different
items of work calculated in detailed estimation, resources are allocated to
different activities of the project and ultimately their durations and whole
planning and scheduling of the project is carried out.
items of work calculated in detailed estimation, resources are allocated to
different activities of the project and ultimately their durations and whole
planning and scheduling of the project is carried out.
Types
of estimate
of estimate
The construction cost
estimates can be prepared either in a detailed manner by taking into
consideration item by item or can be calculated approximately without going
much into the details. Based on these criterias, there are generally 8 type of cost estimates followed in
construction:
estimates can be prepared either in a detailed manner by taking into
consideration item by item or can be calculated approximately without going
much into the details. Based on these criterias, there are generally 8 type of cost estimates followed in
construction:
- Preliminary
Estimate - Plinth
Area Estimate - Cube
Rate Estimate - Approximate
Quantity Method Estimate - Detailed
Estimate - Revised
Estimate - Supplementary
Estimate - Annual Repair Estimate
1.
Preliminary Estimate
The preliminary cost estimate
is also called an abstract cost estimate or approximate cost estimate or budget
estimate. This estimate is generally prepared in initial stages to know the
approximate cost of the project. Also called budget level estimate, this
type of estimate is used to aid in a decision to choose among the various
options available. The options for the final product, its features, and
configuration are analyzed and estimated to make a decision to proceed with one
alternative over the others. This estimate is
generally prepared in initial stages to know the approximate cost of the
project for the purpose of project approval. By this estimate, the competent sanctioning
authority can decide the financial position and policy for the administration
section. The items of work include the cost of lands, cost of roads,
electrification, water supply costs, cost of each building, etc.
is also called an abstract cost estimate or approximate cost estimate or budget
estimate. This estimate is generally prepared in initial stages to know the
approximate cost of the project. Also called budget level estimate, this
type of estimate is used to aid in a decision to choose among the various
options available. The options for the final product, its features, and
configuration are analyzed and estimated to make a decision to proceed with one
alternative over the others. This estimate is
generally prepared in initial stages to know the approximate cost of the
project for the purpose of project approval. By this estimate, the competent sanctioning
authority can decide the financial position and policy for the administration
section. The items of work include the cost of lands, cost of roads,
electrification, water supply costs, cost of each building, etc.
1.
Plinth Area Estimate
Plinth Area Estimate
Plinth area cost estimate is done on the basis
of plinth area of building, which is the area covered by external dimensions of
building at the floor level that is also known as plinth area. Plinth area rate
of building which is the cost of similar building with specifications in that
locality. Cost of plinth area is generally governed by that similar
building which is constructed on our surrounding.
of plinth area of building, which is the area covered by external dimensions of
building at the floor level that is also known as plinth area. Plinth area rate
of building which is the cost of similar building with specifications in that
locality. Cost of plinth area is generally governed by that similar
building which is constructed on our surrounding.
For Example : Building
covered 800 sq.ft which is construction in your locality whose total amount expended
on building is 1600000 lakh approximately, than rate per sq. ft. is equal to
covered 800 sq.ft which is construction in your locality whose total amount expended
on building is 1600000 lakh approximately, than rate per sq. ft. is equal to
=1600000/800
= 2000 / sq. ft. (this amount is approximate rate for that locality)
Hence, from this amount you can calculate the cost of building. This amount
is plinth area rate.
is plinth area rate.
2.
Cube Rate Estimate
Cube Rate Estimate
Cube rate estimate of building
is also an approximate estimate. Cubical content of the building is determined
by multiplying length, breath and height of the building. External length and
breadth at the floor level are calculated for the purpose. Height should be taken
from the floor level to the top of roof. For multi storied building height is taken
from floor level of one storey to top of next higher floor. Cube rate estimate
is more accurate as compared to the plinth area estimate.
is also an approximate estimate. Cubical content of the building is determined
by multiplying length, breath and height of the building. External length and
breadth at the floor level are calculated for the purpose. Height should be taken
from the floor level to the top of roof. For multi storied building height is taken
from floor level of one storey to top of next higher floor. Cube rate estimate
is more accurate as compared to the plinth area estimate.
3.
Approximate Quantity Method Estimate
Approximate Quantity Method Estimate
In approximate quantity method cost estimate, structure
should divided into two parts
should divided into two parts
i)
Foundation including
Plinth
Foundation including
Plinth
ii)
Superstructure
Superstructure
The total length of the wall structure
is measured and found out. The quantity or item measured separately for the
foundation and superstructure. To find running meter rate of foundation,
approximate quantities of various items are calculator per running meter. For foundation
rate per running meter is decided by considering quantities such as excavation
cost, brick work cost up to plinth. Similarly, for superstructure approximate
quantities of brickwork, roof, and flooring etc. is calculated per running
meter.
is measured and found out. The quantity or item measured separately for the
foundation and superstructure. To find running meter rate of foundation,
approximate quantities of various items are calculator per running meter. For foundation
rate per running meter is decided by considering quantities such as excavation
cost, brick work cost up to plinth. Similarly, for superstructure approximate
quantities of brickwork, roof, and flooring etc. is calculated per running
meter.
4.
Detailed Estimate
Detailed Estimate
Detailed cost estimate is the
accurate estimate prepared by working out quantities of each items of work.
This is very accurate type of estimate. Quantities of items of work are
measured and the cost of each items of work is calculated separately. Detailed
estimate is prepared work-wise where 3 to 5% of estimated cost is added to cover for contingencies as miscellaneous
expenditure.
accurate estimate prepared by working out quantities of each items of work.
This is very accurate type of estimate. Quantities of items of work are
measured and the cost of each items of work is calculated separately. Detailed
estimate is prepared work-wise where 3 to 5% of estimated cost is added to cover for contingencies as miscellaneous
expenditure.
Detail estimate consists of-
·
Report
Report
·
General specification
of item
General specification
of item
·
Detailed
specification
Detailed
specification
·
Drawing
Drawing
·
Calculation and
Design Sheet
Calculation and
Design Sheet
5.
Revised Estimate
Revised Estimate
Revised estimate is prepared when original sanctioned
estimate is likely to exceed more than 5%. If expenditure on work is likely to exceed
amount of administrative sanction by more than 10%.
estimate is likely to exceed more than 5%. If expenditure on work is likely to exceed
amount of administrative sanction by more than 10%.
It
happen when there are material deviation from original proposal even though
cost may be met form sanctioned cost. It is
accompanied by comparative statement showing variations in each item of
works and reason for the same.
happen when there are material deviation from original proposal even though
cost may be met form sanctioned cost. It is
accompanied by comparative statement showing variations in each item of
works and reason for the same.
6.
Supplementary
Estimate
Supplementary
Estimate
Supplementary
estimate is a detailed estimate and it is prepared freshly when there is a
requirement of additional work during the process of original work. The
estimate sheet should consists of cost of original estimate as well as the
total cost of work including supplementary cost of work for which sanction is
required. Abstract should show the
amount of original estimate and total amount including supplementary amount .
estimate is a detailed estimate and it is prepared freshly when there is a
requirement of additional work during the process of original work. The
estimate sheet should consists of cost of original estimate as well as the
total cost of work including supplementary cost of work for which sanction is
required. Abstract should show the
amount of original estimate and total amount including supplementary amount .
7.
Annual
repair Estimate
Annual
repair Estimate
The
annual repair cost estimate is also known as annual maintenance estimate. It is
prepared to maintain structure or work in proper order and safe condition.
Building like painting, washing, repairs etc. for road work estimate provide for
patch repairing, repairs of bridge and culverts etc.
annual repair cost estimate is also known as annual maintenance estimate. It is
prepared to maintain structure or work in proper order and safe condition.
Building like painting, washing, repairs etc. for road work estimate provide for
patch repairing, repairs of bridge and culverts etc.
Types of Estimate on Detail
Types of Estimate on Detail
Types of Estimate
Types of Estimate